Purely robotic ileocystoplasty in children: why not? First case in Spain. / Ampliación vesical pediátrica mediante abordaje robótico puro: ¿por qué no? Primer caso en España.

INTRODUCTION: We present the first case of pediatric ileocystoplasty using a purely robotic approach in Spain. CASE REPORT: 12-year-old male with neurogenic bladder of low capacity and high pressures. After failure of conservative treatment, bladder augmentation with ileum patch was decided upon. Surgery was carried out using a purely robotic approach with 4 robotic and 2 accessory ports. Surgery duration was 380 minutes in total, without intraoperative complications. He was discharged 2 weeks after cystographic control. During 32-months follow-up, he has remained continent. DISCUSSION: The minimal invasion, surgical precision and ergonomics made the robotic approach an optimal option for complex surgical techniques. Given the little availability of the robot and the low pediatric volume, its standardization is a challenge. Our accumulated experience is consistent with the current literature and shows promising surgical and esthetic results. We hope this case report will contribute to the divulgation and progressive introduction of robotic surgery in our daily lives.

INTRODUCCION: Presentamos el primer caso de abordaje robótico pediátrico puro en España. CASO CLINICO: Varón de 12 años con vejiga neurógena de escasa capacidad y altas presiones sin respuesta al tratamiento conservador, abogando por una ileocistoplastia de aumento. Se lleva a cabo un abordaje robótico puro con 4 puertos robóticos y 2 accesorios, de 380 minutos de duración total sin complicaciones intraoperatorias. Es dado de alta a las 2 semanas previo control cistográfico. Tras 32 meses de seguimiento continúa continente. COMENTARIOS: La mínima invasión, mayor precisión y ergonomía del abordaje robótico, hacen de éste una opción óptima para técnicas quirúrgicas complejas. Dada la difícil disponibilidad del robot y el escaso volumen pediátrico, resulta un reto su normalización en este campo. Nuestra experiencia coincide con la literatura, mostrando resultados quirúrgicos y estéticos prometedores. Esperamos este reporte contribuya a la difusión e introducción progresiva de la cirugía robótica en nuestra rutina.

Tumores testiculares y paratesticulares en la infancia y adolescencia / Testicular and paratesticular tumors during childhood and adolescence

Introducción: Los tumores testiculares y paratesticulares constituyen el 1-2% de los tumores sólidos en la infancia. Se presenta una serie retrospectiva de 15 casos en menores de 18 años. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 9,7 años, siendo prepuberales 6 (media 2,08 ± 1 año) y puberales 9 (media 15,1 ± 1,3 años). La forma de presentación clínica más frecuente fue una masa testicular indolora. Los niveles de alfa-fetoproteína estaban elevados en 5 pacientes (tumores de saco vitelino y carcinomas embrionarios).El estudio anatomopatológico demostró 11 tumores primarios testiculares y 4 paratesticulares (rabdomiosarcomas), siendo el 60% tumores germinales y el resto de células no germinales. El 60% de ellos fueron tumores malignos (2 tumores de saco vitelino, 2 carcinomas embrionarios, un seminoma y 4 rabdomiosarcomas). Entre los tumores benignos, el más frecuente fue el teratoma quístico maduro. La cirugía fue el tratamiento inicial en todos los casos (orquidectomía radical en 13 tumores y enucleación en 2 teratomas, con linfadenectomía retroperitoneal en 4 casos). En 11 de los pacientes el tumor se encontraba en estadio I y en 4 casos (2 carcinomas embrionarios y 2 rabdomiosarcomas), en estadio IV con metástasis pulmonares. Recibieron tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia asociada o no a radioterapia 7 de los pacientes (4 rabdomiosarcomas, 2 carcinomas embrionarios y un seminoma). Conclusiones: Los tumores testiculares y paratesticulares en niños prepuberales son un grupo con unas características epidemiológicas, histológicas, evolutivas y terapéuticas, bien diferenciadas respecto de las encontradas en pacientes pospuberales o adultos(AU)

Introduction: Testicular and paratesticular tumors represent 1-2% of the solid tumors in children. We present a retrospective series of 15 cases in patients less than 18 years of age. Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.7 yrs, 6 of them prepubertal (mean age: 2.08 ± 1 yrs) and 9 pubertal (mean age: 15.1 ± 1.3 yrs). The most common clinical form of presentation was a painless testicular mass. The alpha-fetoprotein levels were high in 5 patients (yolk-sac tumors and embryonal carcinomas).The pathological study showed 11 primary testicular tumors and 4 paratesticular tumors (rhabdomyosarcomas), with 60% being germinal tumors and the rest non-germinal. Around 60% were malignant tumors (2 from the yolk-sac tumors, 2 embryonal carcinomas, one seminoma and 4 rhabdomyosarcomas). Among the benign tumors, the most common was the mature cystic teratoma. Surgery was the initial treatment in all of the cases (radical orchiectomy in 13 tumors and enucleation in 2 teratomas, with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 4 cases). In 11 patients the tumor was in stage I, while 4 cases (2 embryonal carcinomas and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) were in stage IV with pulmonary metastasis. Chemotherapy whether or not combined with radiotherapy was applied in 7 patients (4 rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 embryonal carcinomas and one seminoma). Conclusions: Testicular and paratesticular tumors in prepubertal children show epidemiological, histological, therapeutical and evolutional characteristics well differentiated from postpubertal or adult subjects(AU)

[Testicular and paratesticular tumors during childhood and adolescence]. / Tumores testiculares y paratesticulares en la infancia y adolescencia.

INTRODUCTION: Testicular and paratesticular tumors represent 1-2% of the solid tumors in children. We present a retrospective series of 15 cases in patients less than 18 years of age. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 9.7 yrs, 6 of them prepubertal (mean age: 2.08 ± 1 yrs) and 9 pubertal (mean age: 15.1 ± 1.3 yrs). The most common clinical form of presentation was a painless testicular mass. The α-fetoprotein levels were high in 5 patients (yolk-sac tumors and embryonal carcinomas). The pathological study showed 11 primary testicular tumors and 4 paratesticular tumors (rhabdomyosarcomas), with 60% being germinal tumors and the rest non-germinal. Around 60% were malignant tumors (2 from the yolk-sac tumors, 2 embryonal carcinomas, one seminoma and 4 rhabdomyosarcomas). Among the benign tumors, the most common was the mature cystic teratoma. Surgery was the initial treatment in all of the cases (radical orchiectomy in 13 tumors and enucleation in 2 teratomas, with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 4 cases). In 11 patients the tumor was in stage I, while 4 cases (2 embryonal carcinomas and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) were in stage IV with pulmonary metastasis. Chemotherapy whether or not combined with radiotherapy was applied in 7 patients (4 rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 embryonal carcinomas and one seminoma). CONCLUSIONS: Testicular and paratesticular tumors in prepubertal children show epidemiological, histological, therapeutical and evolutional characteristics well differentiated from postpubertal or adult subjects.